Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) - held that people of African decent were slaves and thus are not protected by the Constitution. Overruled by the 14th Amendment Citizenship Clause, "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States..."
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - held that states had the right to create "seperate but equal" facilities for persons of African descent.
Brown v. The Board of Education (1954) - held that Plessy v. Ferguson was unconstitutional. States were no longer allowed to segregate students based on race.
Abortion:
Roe v. Wade (1973) - held that the Constitution guarantees a woman's right to privacy in relation to their bodies. Abortion was legalized.
Criminal Rights:
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) - held that states must pay for an attorney for any person accused of criminal misconduct in trial proceedings.
Escobedo v. Illinois (1963) - held that persons suspected of criminal misconduct have the right to an attorney in an interrogation.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) - held that any person interrogated must be made fully aware of their right to an attorney and their right to remain silent.
Brown v. Mississippi (1936) - held that a criminal confession is not valid if obtained through the use of violence.
Judicial Review:
Marbury v. Madison (1803) - held that the Judiciary has the right to interpret legislation.
Intelligent Design:
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District (2005) - held that teaching intelligent design in public schools is a violation of the 1st amendment's freedom of religion clause, and thus illegal.
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